Cervical cancer is one of the major cause of cancer mortality in women, and a looming concern for developing countries such as India where it contributes to 6-29 percent of all cancers in women. With January being observed as Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, let’s take a closer look at this cancer.
Understanding cervical cancer
Cervical cancer affects the cervix, or the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina or birth canal. The most common cause of cervical cancer is human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. In men, HPV can cause oral, penile and anal cancer. Other causes for cervical cancer include engaging in sexual activity at an early age, multiple sexual partners, multiple pregnancies, poor genital hygiene, malnutrition, oral contraceptives and a family history of genitourinary and cervical cancers.
Regular Pap smear screening (every three years) are recommended for women between 21-65 years of age since, with early diagnosis, cervical cancer has a very high cure rate. Women between 30-65 years can be screened every five years by opting for a combination of a Pap smear and HPV tests.
Can cervical cancer be prevented?
Women who have attained puberty should be vaccinated against HPV infections before they become sexually active or before the age of 26. Both boys and girls should be vaccinated from the age of ten upwards. While the HPV vaccine prevents infections, it does not guarantee cancer prevention – regular testing is essential, regardless of whether you have been vaccinated.